Four Real Open Problems in Physics, In One Frame

July 2026

Original post: @cosmosarcive on X, 2026-07-29. If the embed above doesn’t load, the same image is below.

What this is showing

Four genuinely open questions in physics, side by side: what actually exists at the center of a black hole, whether one theory can explain every force in nature, why time only seems to move forward, and why the universe has far more matter than antimatter. None of these are settled science dressed up as a mystery — they’re real, acknowledged gaps at the edge of current physics.

The real physics behind each one

• Black hole singularity. General Relativity predicts the math breaks down at a black hole’s center — an actual singularity, not just a modeling shortcut — because GR and quantum mechanics haven’t been reconciled at that scale. GR itself is confirmed to extraordinary precision everywhere it’s actually been tested (LIGO/Virgo waveforms, Event Horizon Telescope imaging); the singularity is a boundary of an otherwise-working theory, not a sign it’s wrong.
• Theory of everything. Gravity (General Relativity) and the other three forces (electromagnetism, weak, strong — unified under the Standard Model) are both extremely well-confirmed, and don’t yet fit into one framework. Every unification attempt, including this site’s own, is still a proposal, not a settled result.
• Arrow of time. The fundamental laws of physics are almost entirely time-symmetric, yet time only ever seems to run forward, tied to increasing entropy. Why entropy was so low to begin with (giving it room to increase) is itself unresolved.
• Baryonic asymmetry. The Standard Model predicts the Big Bang should have produced matter and antimatter in equal amounts, which would have annihilated into pure energy. Real, ordinary matter obviously exists instead, and the known asymmetry-generating mechanisms aren’t large enough to account for it.

Catalog status: Unknowns

All four are genuinely open — this isn’t a case of a settled answer being presented as controversial.

Where this touches PBT

Mixed, and worth stating plainly rather than rounding up. The theory of everything question is exactly what Paper 7 attempts (a conceptual grand-unification framework) — a real, direct tie, still unproven. The black hole singularity question is directly audited in Papers 14–15, and the honest result there is a failure: PBT’s own attempt to remove the singularity predicts a stabilization radius 66–123 orders of magnitude too large — bigger than the observable universe — which is a genuine miss, not a success being claimed here. The arrow of time and baryonic asymmetry questions have no PBT treatment at all yet; both are acknowledged as open gaps in why solve the universe.