QED Anomalous Magnetic Moment (Schwinger's Formula)

$$g = 2\left(1 + \frac{\alpha}{2\pi}\right)$$

Status: Proven.

Dirac’s 1928 relativistic electron equation predicts exactly $g=2$ for the electron’s magnetic moment. Julian Schwinger’s 1948 calculation added the first quantum correction — a one-loop QED effect — giving $g\approx2.00232$. This wasn’t a guess or a fit; it’s a specific, calculable consequence of quantum electrodynamics, and modern QED extends the same calculation to many more loop orders.

Real, independent confirmation: see Quantum Electrodynamics for the full status — the electron’s measured g-factor agrees with QED’s full multi-loop prediction to roughly 10 significant figures, often described as the most precisely verified prediction in the history of physics.

Used in: Paper 6, which states this exact formula as arising “from aether loops.” This is a real, direct discrepancy worth stating plainly: the formula itself is Schwinger’s genuine 1948 QED result, reused as-is — the 2026-07-21 site audit found no derivation showing this number actually follows from PBT’s own vorticity mechanism. The equation is proven; its attribution to PBT’s mechanism in that paper is not.