Solve The Universe

Pressure-Based Theory — a mechanical, unified account of gravity, electromagnetism, spin, and entanglement

Bell's Theorem & Quantum Entanglement

What it claims: John Bell (1964) proved that any theory built on local hidden variables — the intuitive idea that particles secretly carry pre-determined properties, with no faster-than-light influence between them — must obey a specific statistical inequality. Quantum mechanics predicts that inequality can be violated. The practically-testable version is the CHSH inequality (Clauser, Horne, Shimony & Holt, 1969): local hidden-variable theories are bounded by $\text{CHSH}\le2$; quantum mechanics allows up to $2\sqrt{2}\approx2.828$ (the Tsirelson bound).

Catalog status: Proven Systems. This has been tested repeatedly since Aspect, Dalibard & Roger’s 1982 experiments, culminating in 2015’s “loophole-free” Bell tests (Hensen et al., Nature 526, 682; and independent concurrent experiments by other groups) that closed the two major objections (the detection loophole and the locality/communication loophole) simultaneously. The 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics went to Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger specifically for this body of experimental work. The result stands as one of the most conceptually significant confirmed results in modern physics: nature genuinely does not obey local realism.

Where PBT touches this — and where it currently falls short. Paper 5 and Paper 12 claim PBT’s paired-vortex entanglement mechanism produces $\text{CHSH}\approx2.82$, matching the real quantum bound. The 2026-07-21 site audit rebuilt the described mechanism directly (anti-correlated classical vortices, sign-of-projection measurement) and found it actually produces $\text{CHSH}=1.999$ — the classical, local-hidden-variable bound, not a quantum violation. A cited “Belle II ~2.78±0.05” measurement supporting the original claim also could not be verified — Belle II studies B-meson physics, not CHSH/Bell tests, and no matching published result was found. In plain terms: PBT’s specific mechanism, as currently written, has not been shown to reproduce the one result this page documents as most rigorously confirmed in all of physics. Reproducing a genuine Bell violation from a classical-looking flow mechanism would require a real non-local ingredient — the same requirement Bell’s theorem places on any theory — which the mechanism as described does not yet provide. This is open, acknowledged work, not a settled PBT result.

References

  1. Bell, J.S. (1964). “On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen Paradox.” Physics 1, 195–200.
  2. Clauser, J.F., Horne, M.A., Shimony, A., Holt, R.A. (1969). “Proposed Experiment to Test Local Hidden-Variable Theories.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880.
  3. Aspect, A., Dalibard, J., Roger, G. (1982). “Experimental Test of Bell’s Inequalities Using Time-Varying Analyzers.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1804.
  4. Hensen, B. et al. (2015). “Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres.” Nature 526, 682–686.
  5. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 — press release, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.